Citation Author Lists

If the style you are using lists the author names in the Citation template of the Style window, you can use the Author List options (as well as the Author Names panel) to control how the authors appear in your in-text citations. If your citations do not include the author names, ignore the Author List panel.

Separators Between Author Names

In the "Author Separators" box, enter any punctuation and spaces that separate the individual author names in a citation. In references with multiple authors, it is standard to separate the names with a comma and a space.

Use the "between" box to enter a comma and a space, or any other required punctuation.
In the "before last" box, enter the separator that appears before the last author in a reference. Sometimes this is something other than a comma and a space, such as ", and " or an ampersand (&) followed by a space.
In the "before last in format: Author (Year)" box, enter the separator that appears before the last author in the Author (Year) format. The behavior of this option is the same as the "before last" box. This allows you to meet the specifications of some styles that require different formats depending on whether the format used is the default format or the Author (Year) format. By entering a value in this field, you do not have to edit each of the citations, references, or footnotes.

Normally only the first row in the Author Separators box is used (with the range of authors set at "1 to 100") so that the separators in that row apply to all of the authors cited in a reference. However, there are styles in which two authors are listed as "Smith and Jones" (without a comma), and more than two are listed as "Smith, Jones, and Johnson" (with a comma before the word "and"). In this case, make " and " the "Separator before last author" when there are only two authors; and enter ", and " when there are 3 or more authors.

Note: Include spaces after commas as well as before and after the word "and".

Abbreviating the Author List, First Appearance

Some journals require that you abbreviate the list of authors, using "et al." or an equivalent, after a certain number of authors. The Abbreviated Author List section of the Author Lists panel allows you to specify the number of authors needed to trigger this abbreviation, how many authors to include in the formatted reference, and what the abbreviation should be.

List all author names
Select this option if you do not want to abbreviate the author lists.

If ___ or more authors, list the first ___ author(s)
Select this option and fill in the blanks with the appropriate numbers if you would like the list of authors abbreviated.

and abbreviate with
Enter an abbreviation such as ", et al." You can italicize the abbreviation by selecting the "Italic" check box in the dialog.

Abbreviating the Author List, Subsequent Appearances

In some bibliographic styles, if a reference is cited more than once in your paper the first appearance of it in an in-text citation is formatted differently from subsequent citations. For example, the first citation might list all authors, while subsequent citations list only the first author followed by "et al."

Use the First Appearance author list settings to specify the way the authors appear the first time the reference is cited. Use the Subsequent Appearances options to format authors in all other appearances of the citation.